Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. Principles of Behavior Modification. Social Learning and Personality Development. Miller, N. Environmental planning. Taking your lead from your behavioral charts and diaries, you can begin to alter your environment. For example, you can remove or avoid some of those cues that lead to your bad behaviors: Put away the ashtrays, drink tea instead of coffee, divorce that smoking partner You can find the time and place best suited for the good alternative behaviors: When and where do you find you study best?
And so on. Finally, you arrange to reward yourself when you adhere to your plan, and possibly punish yourself when you do not. I will do paperwork instead if I do not. Beware, however: This can be murder on your relationships, as you bite their heads off for trying to do what you told them to do! The therapy Bandura is most famous for, however, is modeling therapy. The theory is that, if you can get someone with a psychological disorder to observe someone dealing with the same issues in a more productive fashion, the first person will learn by modeling the second.
The client would be lead to a window looking in on a lab room. In that room is nothing but a chair, a table, a cage on the table with a locked latch, and a snake clearly visible in the cage. The client then watches another person -- an actor -- go through a slow and painful approach to the snake. He acts terrified at first, but shakes himself out of it, tells himself to relax and breathe normally and take one step at a time towards the snake. He may stop in the middle, retreat in panic, and start all over.
Ultimately, he gets to the point where he opens the cage, removes the snake, sits down on the chair, and drapes it over his neck, all the while giving himself calming instructions. After the client has seen all this no doubt with his mouth hanging open the whole time , he is invited to try it himself. Mind you, he knows that the other person is an actor -- there is no deception involved here, only modeling! And yet, many clients -- lifelong phobics -- can go through the entire routine first time around, even after only one viewing of the actor!
This is a powerful therapy. These methods work nearly as well. Albert Bandura has had an enormous impact on personality theory and therapy. His straightforward, behaviorist-like style makes good sense to most people.
His action-oriented, problem-solving approach likewise appeals to those who want to get things done, rather than philosophize about ids, archetypes, actualization, freedom, and all the many other mentalistic constructs personologists tend to dwell on. Among academic psychologists, research is crucial, and behaviorism has been the preferred approach. Cognitive psychology retains the experimentally-oriented flavor of behaviorism, without artificially restraining the researcher to external behaviors, when the mental life of clients and subjects is so obviously important.
He explored the question of what needs to happen for an observable behavior to be learned in addition to observation and cited four necessary steps: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Attention: First off, the learner needs to pay attention. If they are distracted, this will influence the amount or quality of learning that occurs. We have all gotten distracted and know that it affects our learning and quality of work. Additionally, the more interesting or unique the model or situation is, the more fully the learner will attend to the learning.
This explains why you might not be able to put down a good book or give up on any one of your passions no matter the obstacles you encounter.
Retention: How you can to store the information learned i. We have all learned so much content throughout our years of schooling, but how much do we retain?
Maybe you can remember the more significant learning in a certain way through any number of memory techniques e. Or maybe you applied the learning to a real-life situation which aids in retention. Reproduction: Reproduction relies on the first two steps: attention and retention.
After completing these steps, you move toward performing the observable behavior. Then with further practice, you will undoubtedly improve and sharpen your skills. A Statement on "Fair Use": With the exception of the documents in the public domain, Material on this page and on pages accessible from this page, including the photographs, is protected by copyright. Permission to copy any materials for personal scholarly use accompanied by proper citation is granted as is permission to include text from these pages within any indexing system that provides free access to its users accompanied by proper citation.
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Albert Bandura on YouTube.
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